HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE GILL OF FRESHWATER TELEOST HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH) EXPOSED TO METANIL YELLOW

The chronic toxic effect of Metanil Yellow on the gills of freshwater teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) was studied. The ?shes were exposed for 45 days treatment in 2g/L of Metanil Yellow. However, after 45 days treatment, marked pathological changes in the gills were found. Necrosis found in the primary gill lamellae. Shortened and clubbing ends of the secondary gill lamellae. Buldging tip of primary gill ?laments and distortion was occurred in the shape of secondary ?lament. Pycnotic nuclei, vacuolization and degenerative epithelial cells were found

STUDY TO CORRELATE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS WITH ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS EVALUATED BY TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY IN POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING

almost ninety percent of post-menopausal females with endometrial cancer report a vaginal bleeding experience. Objectives: To ?nd correlation of radiological and histopathological ?ndings so that early evaluation of malignancy can be done. The Present Study included 50 Patients with abnormal uterine Materials And Methods: bleeding in postmenopausal women, aged between 45-70 years. All patients were subjected to transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium and the results were correlated to the histopathological picture of the endometrium after curettage in an attempt to discriminate normal endometrium from abnormal pathological patterns. Results And Analysis: Thirteen patients (26%) had pathological ?ndings. There was signi?cant difference in the mean endometrial thickness of non- pathological and abnormal endometrium in postmenopausal patients with P value <0.001**. Among the thirteen patients with pathological ?ndings eight had endometrial hyperplasia, two had polyp and three had malignancies. It may be Conclusions: concluded that vaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness is an acceptable less invasive alternative to hysteroscopy and D & C and needs to be popularized as ?rst line investigation in the management of Postmenopausal bleeding in rural population

Vici Syndrome with a Novel Mutation in EPG5

Background: Vici syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the autophagy pathway.Almost all cases reported have the cardinal features of agenesis of corpus callosum,cataract, cardiomyopathy, immunodeficiency and hypopigmentation. Casecharacteristics: 8-month-old boy with developmental delay, myoclonic jerks, repeatedrespiratory infections, coarse facial features, cataract and hypopigmented hair.Echocardiography revealed dilated cardiomyopathy and magnetic resonance imaging ofbrain suggested agenesis of corpus callosum. Exome sequencing detected a novelhomozygous nonsense mutation in the EPG5 gene. Outcome: Establishing a definitediagnosis helped in proper prognostication, providing genetic counseling and prenataldiagnosis to the family. Message: Though uncommon, presence of the characteristicfeatures makes Vici syndrome a clinically recognizable cause of developmental delay.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Doses of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Indian and Russian Children Aged 9 to 17 Months

Objective: Evaluation of tolerability, safety and immunogenicity ofa two-dose series of a quadrivalent meningococcalpolysaccharide diptheria toxoid conjugate (ACYW-D) vaccine inIndian and Russian infants/toddlers.Design: Open-label, single-arm, phase III multi-national trial.Study participants: 300 children aged 9-17 months, previouslyunvaccinated against meningococcal disease from four siteseach in India (n=200) and the Russian Federation (n=100).Intervention: Two 0.5 mL doses of ACYW-D by intramuscularinjection, 3-6 months apart.Main outcome measures: Meningococcal antibody titers toserogroups A, C, W-135 and Y, determined using a serumbactericidal assay in the presence of human complement beforevaccination and 28 days after the second vaccination. Titers ?1:8against either/all of the A, C, W-135 or Y were considered sero-protective.Results: After dose 2, 95.7–99.5% and 92.9–99.0% of infants/toddlers achieved seroprotection across the four serogroups inIndia and the Russian Federation, respectively. No immediateadverse events were reported after any dose of ACYW-D.Solicited reactions were reported in 49.2% of participants, andwere mainly of Grade 1 severity, and resolved within three days.Unsolicited adverse events were reported in 19.1% of infants:one event (Grade 3 diarrhea, resolving within one day) wasconsidered related to study vaccine. No non-serious adverseevents led to premature withdrawal from the study. Four seriousadverse events were reported; none were considered related tostudy vaccine. No deaths occurred during the study.Conclusions: A two-dose series of ACYW-D vaccine in Indianand Russian children (9-17 month) was well-tolerated with nosafety concerns, and induced robust bactericidal antibodyresponses against the meningococcal serogroups contained inthe vaccine

Analysis of physico-chemical characteristics and metals in water sources of chromite mining in Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India.

The extraction of chromite is being carried out since 1950 in Sukinda valley region of Odisha in India. Different physico-chemical parameters and level of metals in groundwater (tube well and dug well), surface water (Damsal nala), mining drainage water and bottom sediment of Damsal nala were analysed. The results revealed that the total Cr content of groundwater (0.04-0.07 ppm), Damsal nala (0.10 - 0.20 ppm) and mine drainage water (20.12-56.51 ppm) exceeded the permissible limit in all seasons. The Cr (VI) content of mine drainage water exceeded the permissible limit (0.05 ppm as per the recommendation of WHO). The pH (6.5-7.9), available N (6.27-18.82 kg ha-1), available PO4-3 (15.39-123.11 kg ha-1), available K+ (21.07-410.89 kg ha-1) and organic matter (0.20-1.55%) content of bottom sediment of Damsal nala varied seasonally and the lowest values were found during monsoon. The physico-chemical characteristics of water from Damsal nala, groundwater and mine drainage, like COD, total Fe, TDS, TSS, F-, available PO4-3, available K+ etc., including pH are a serious concerned in this study area.

Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis.

Infantile systemic hyalinosis is a rare disorder characterized by widespread deposition of hyaline. They usually present with skin lesions, joint contractures, and intractable diarrhea. We report a 2 year 4 month old boy with growth retardation, typical facial appearance, gingival enlargement, generalized stiff skin, joint contractures, and intermittent diarrhea. Skin biopsy revealed deposition of hyaline.

Satoyoshi Syndrome.

Satoyoshi syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by alopecia, painful muscle spasms, diarrhea and secondary skeletal changes. We report a 11- year old girl presenting with the typical features of alopecia totalis, severe muscle spasm and skeletal deformities.

Efficacy and Safety of Azithromycin for Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever: An Open Label Non-comparative Study.

An open-labelled, non-comparative study was conducted in 117 children aged 2- 12 years to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin (20mg/ kg/day for 6 days) for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever. Of the patients enrolled based on a clinical definition of typhoid fever, 109 (93.1%) completed the study. Mean (SD) of duration of fever at presentation was 9.1(4.5) days. Clinical cure was seen in 102 (93.5%) subjects, while 7 were withdrawn from the study because of clinical deterioration. Mean day of response was 3.45±1.97. BACTEC blood culture was positive for Salmonella typhi in 17/109 (15.5%) and all achieved bacteriological cure. No serious adverse event was observed. Global well being assessed by the investigator and subjects was good in 95% cases which was done at the end of the treatment. Azithromycin was found to be safe and efficacious for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever.

Benign angiopathy of central nervous system.

Benign angiopathy of central nervous system (BACNS) is rare in children. We report a seven-year-old boy presenting with sudden severe headache and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed diffuse segmental narrowing of major cerebral arteries. Following a course of glucocorticoid, there was complete resolution of vascular lesions and follow-up MRA did not show any evidence of new lesions.

Congenital tuberculosis: late manifestation of the maternal infection.

Tuberculosis in pregnancy though not uncommon, congenital tuberculosis continues to be a rare entity. A case of congenital tuberculosis where the mother manifested the disease 3 months after it was diagnosed in the newborn is reported considering its rarity.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in siblings.

We report two cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) in siblings. The male child was diagnosed initially and family screening led to the diagnosis of the asymptomatic sister. The diagnosis was confirmed by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bone scintigraphy which demonstrated the calcific nature of the lesions. We emphasize the importance of family screening of PAM index cases to detect the disease in the early, asymptomatic stage.